Collections of gemological objects in university museums: sources and models of formation
| V. Usenko Odesa I.I. Mechnikov National University ORCID: 0000-0003-0808-4109 |
| Language: Ukrainian |
| Precious and Decorative Stones. No. 1 (123), 2026: 24–36 |
| Abstract This article analyzes the role and place of gemological specimens within the structure of university mineral collections, as well as the sources from which they are derived. Gemological specimens, including gemstones in their natural and treated forms, constitute an integral part of university mineral collections. Due to their rarity and exceptional value, their inclusion in museum collections involves more complex circumstances compared to the traditional sources of mineralogical collections, which are linked to the core activities of universities with a focus on geology and mineralogy. In analyzing the sources of mineralogical and gemological collections, this study examines collecting and philanthropy as cultural phenomena, as well as the role of philanthropy in the development of university museums, particularly mineralogical ones. As non-profit organizations, museums may utilize both budgetary and extra-budgetary resources in their operations. In today’s context, charitable activities serve as one of the key instruments of external aid. The study examines the main forms of philanthropy and the motivations behind it. It identifies the primary social groups that have served as sources for the formation of mineralogical and gemological collections, particularly those who have been most actively involved in this process as donors. Particular attention is paid to donor motivation and the forms of charitable assistance – financial and in-kind. Using AI tools and methods of comparative museology, a comparative analysis is conducted of the activity of various social groups in the development of leading university museums in Europe and North America. Based on this analysis, two main models of museum collection formation are identified and characterized using the example of leading European and North American universities. The European model – the “historical” or “academic” model – is based on the contributions and active participation of the aristocracy and the scientific community. The American model – the “philanthropic” model – is based on private initiative, patronage, and university endowment funds. Drawing on Western traditions of philanthropy, a gap in the practice of supporting university museums is noted, primarily in the legislative sphere. |
| Keywords: university museums, gemological objects, gemstones, collection formation models, patronage, philanthropy, donor motivation. |
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